In call-and-response singing, a leader starts a phrase and the group echoes or answers. This style is found in many cultures across Africa and among communities of African heritage around the world. It is a very natural and social way to make music - everyone can join in, even people who do not know the song, by following the group's response.
Ússua has been part of life on São Tomé for many generations. It is performed at celebrations, festivals and community gatherings, where it brings people together. The rhythms often have a swaying, dance-like quality that naturally makes listeners want to move.
Traditional instruments that accompany ússua include drums and percussion made from local materials. The music builds in energy as the singing continues, and performances can become very lively, with singers, drummers and dancers all joining together.
Young people on São Tomé learn ússua through listening and participating - joining in with the responses, picking up the rhythms, and gradually learning to lead. It is a living tradition, kept alive by communities who value it as part of who they are.